According to the review by Jee et al. Available now in a variety pack with Blackberry, Lime, Blood Orange and Cranberry. Displayed is the caffeine amount of Lipton Tea's standard black variety using one tea bag steeped in 8 ounces of hot water. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Jump to Review. 57 per 1 SD of PRS; < 0. All Registered Trademarks, used under license by White Claw Seltzer Works. 15. 17 ounces: Product Benefits: Dark Spot Correction: Brighten tired eyes and combat dark under-eye. Of the total drug interactions, 5 are major, 42 are moderate, and 15 are minor. ( 10) Cisgender men may also receive a boost of max upper body strength and power from caffeine. A can of 12 fl oz has 120 mg of caffeine in it. Hero Water/Amazon. In a new study published in Frontiers in Psychiatry, scientists found that long-term caffeine users may exhibit decreased brain plasticity, a critical factor in the processes of learning and memory, when subjected to. For example: mouth, tongue, or lip itchiness. A 16-ounce cold brew from. White Claw Surge Variety Pack. Tall: 1 mg. Chicory root is naturally caffeine-free, so it makes an excellent coffee substitute if you’re looking to reduce your caffeine intake ( 20 ). Recommendations for caffeine levels are for those 18 years of age or over. C affeine is the most widely used drug in the world. 5-ounce dark chocolate (50-69% cacao) has about 70 milligrams. Though cocoa makes a great mug of hot chocolate and is. Caffeine absorption is rapid and complete in humans, with 99% of orally ingested caffeine absorbed from the digestive tract within 45 minutes. Caffeine, nitrogenous organic compound of the alkaloid group, substances that have marked physiological effects. In moderate doses, these can be beneficial and safe to use. That said, it’s unclear how large a role this behavioral aspect plays in caffeine addiction. Here are some beverages to consider: Caffeine-Free Coca Cola (12 ounces): 140 calories. 001% and 0. Like coffee and other caffeinated drinks, caffeine pills help you stay alert. The time-released microshot (created by Florida company. Safer Caffeine Consumption. Coffee is the biggest dietary source of caffeine. S. Black decaf coffee has more health benefits than any. Potassium: 60 mg. Top 45 Beverages Ranked by Caffeine Per Ounce. S. Sweet and Salty. B3):Good news: coffee has a number of short-term benefits for students. Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world and is mostly consumed in the form of coffee. It occurs naturally in coffee beans and green tea. Our desire for sleep involves a process known as sleep drive. [12] It is mainly used recreationally, as a eugeroic ( wakefulness promoter) or as a mild cognitive enhancer to increase alertness and attentional performance. Having a high or heightened sensitivity to caffeine means you likely experience an intense reaction to small doses of caffeine, such as: Insomnia. One study found that each 6 ounces (180 mL) cup of decaf contained 0. S. For reference, an 8-ounce cup of coffee has about 96 milligrams of caffeine. According to the release, White Claw Hard Seltzer Iced Tea is sold in a 12-can variety pack with four popular tea flavors — Lemon, Raspberry, Mango and Peach. Lipton tea comes in a wide range of varieties and flavors including green tea, white tea, and red tea. In general, most brands of root beer sold in North America are caffeine-free. In a 2017 study published in Nutrition & Metabolism , higher caffeine intake was associated with shorter telomeres, a marker of cellular aging, in adults. Fat: 0 g. The varieties that list more than 50 mg per piece could be potentially dangerous for those with low caffeine tolerance or if the gum gets into the hands of children. Overall, ready-to-go alcoholic beverage sales have skyrocketed, and sales in the malt-based cocktail category have increased by 574 percent. “Setting a time limit is helpful to. Coffee likely originated in Ethiopia hundreds of years ago — around the. For some relief, try OTC. 3,4 Although consumption of low to moderate. Made from white chocolate syrup, milk, and ice, it is too delicious for words! 17. Since a can of White Claw only has 5% ABV (except for White Claw Hard Seltzer Surge which has 8% ABV), White Claw hardly contains enough alcohol content for a single shot. Caffeine is a xanthine with various effects and mechanisms of action in vascular tissue. 6 mg of caffeine in 12 fl oz of Dr Pepper. 2022 study. Caffeine use is increasing worldwide. Black tea does not contain calories, fats, protein, fiber. A little less sweet; lighter-tasting, zero sugar, but with a full load of our Monster energy blend. Displayed is the caffeine amount of Lipton Tea's standard black variety using one tea bag steeped in 8 ounces of hot water. A 2022 study concluded that 800 mg of caffeine over nine hours did, in fact, increase the amount of calcium in participants’ urine. All Registered Trademarks, used under license by White Claw Seltzer Works. In a 2017 study published in Nutrition & Metabolism , higher caffeine intake was associated with shorter telomeres, a marker of cellular aging, in adults. Runner-Up, Best Budget: Good Molecules Yerba Mate Wake Up Eye Gel at Ulta. And a 3. Fasting intermittently has many health benefits, including boosting brain function and reducing mental fatigue. Solutions in water are neutral to litmus. Caffeine headaches feel like moderate to severe headaches. Terez & Honor’s Caffeine Anti-Hair Loss Shampoo comes highly recommended by professional hairstylist Joseph Michael, who explains “caffeine helps to suppress the hair loss hormone called DHT at the follicle,” resulting in a decreased amount of hair loss. It could worsen symptoms of anxiety and depression. Adeyemi. 8% of young adults aged 19 to 28 reported consuming alcohol mixed with energy. In this article, we look at the side effects of both. Caffeine is the most commonly used drug in the world. Serving size: 1 can (12 oz) 1 can (19. It is highly caffeinated with more than 11 milligrams of caffeine per fluid ounce. If any of this sounds like you and you consume caffeine regularly, try tracking your intake and be sure to read food labels to spot hidden sources of. Infused with a proprietary Caffeine Complex containing caffeine, zinc and niacin, this shampoo effectively cleanses your hair and scalp to promote natural hair growth. 1 In the United States, more than 90% of adults use it regularly, and, among them, average consumption is more than 200 mg of caffeine per day 2 —more caffeine than is contained in two 6-ounce cups of coffee or five 12-ounce cans of soft drinks. It’s the first time he feels it. Medical professionals recommend 2 p. White Claw is currently available in 11 fruity flavors and three original seltzer variety packs. Anna Miller. Anxiousness. Caffeine overdose can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, confusion, hallucinations, convulsions, and trouble breathing. Applies to caffeine: compounding powder, intravenous solution, oral gum, oral liquid, oral tablet, oral tablet dispersible, oral tablet extended release. Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world and is mostly consumed in the form of coffee. Food and Drug Administration (FDA. For most healthy adults, a maximum of about four. Energy drinks often have more caffeine and sugar than soft drinks. 58 ($0. Claim: White Claw's new hard seltzer line "Surge" will contain 8% ABV as opposed to the 5% ABV of their previous drinks. What Caffeine Does. As many as 85% of Americans consume caffeine daily, with the average cup of coffee containing anywhere from 40 to 150 mg of caffeine. Caffeine: About 47 milligrams. However. Like coffee and other caffeinated drinks, caffeine pills help you stay alert. Honey Citrus Mint Tea, Jade Citrus Mint Brewed Tea. Protects skin from damage. Coffee contains the central nervous system stimulant known as caffeine. 3 mg per fluid ounce, DynaPep has the highest caffeine content per ounce of any beverage on the market. , coffee/caffeine neuroprotective effects seem to be broader and sex- and age-specific. White Claw are dedicated to making the best-tasting alcoholic drinks in the world. Having a high or heightened sensitivity to caffeine means you likely experience an intense reaction to small doses of caffeine, such as: Insomnia. Niacin (Vit. Ready to ship. It actually contains varying amounts of caffeine, usually about 3 mg per cup (). Decreases puffiness: "Caffeine is a great topical ingredient to improve puffiness and improve circulation in skin, so consider it a vital ingredient for under-eye puffiness," explains Nazarian. If you enjoy caffeinated beverages but have noticed heart palpitations, you may wonder whether your daily cup of joe is to blame. INTRODUCTION Post dural puncture headache (PDPH), also known as post lumbar puncture (LP) headache, is a common complication of diagnostic LP. For any type of coffee, a small cup has far less caffeine than a large. 35mg of caffeine per 100ml and a high amount of sugar in this fizzy drink. Final Thoughts. In 1827, a compound isolated from tea was named theine, but this was eventually shown to be caffeine. While we may not view caffeine as a drug, it technically is, since it's a stimulant that affects the central nervous system. 1. InsideHook’s Commerce Editor, Logan Mahan is a graduate of New York City's The New School and a Philadelphia native (Go Birds). An 8-ounce cup of green or black tea has 30 to 50 mg of caffeine. The Agency issued two additional. 1 mug of tea: 75 mg. Whether you are looking for a light drink or something a little stronger, White Claw has you covered!Price: around $25 Dose: 50 mg caffeine and 100 mg L-theanine These capsules contain 50 milligrams (mg) of caffeine and 100 mg of the amino acid L-theanine. Everyone I know has dumped beer in favor of White Claw. 2oz. Restlessness. You can expect to get around 95 mg of. Expect to find 5. Oranges, limes, and lemons. Gastrointestinal. Editors' Review. Protein: 0 grams. Coffee. Cola products have about 30-40 mg of caffeine, and most energy drinks have about 60-70 mg. 99. Chicago,. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. It contains one of the highest levels of caffeine in the soda industry, topping out at around 54mg of caffeine per 12-oz serving. Research has linked moderate coffee consumption — about 3 cups (about 710 mL) per day or less — to protection against Alzheimer’s disease, as well as associated it with reduced inflammation. The duration of caffeine withdrawal symptoms vary from person to person, but caffeine withdrawal usually lasts at least 2 to 9 days. The best-selling caffeine shampoo in Germany and known worldwide, the Caffeine Shampoo C1 is Alpecin’s tried and true original formula suitable all men with thinning hair. But for certain people who may be particularly sensitive to caffeine, this can lead to loose bowel movements, diarrhea and dehydration, Largeman-Roth says. National Library of Medicine (NLM). Emperor’s Clouds & Mist. $273. 1. It actually contains varying amounts of caffeine, usually about 3 mg per cup (). [5] The U. Lighter roasted beans are a bit denser than beans that have been roasted for longer at higher temperatures. Cellucor C4 Original Pre-Workout. It’s also in black tea, green tea, chocolate, energy drinks, and even one type. What the research says: In a 2011 study, researchers found that about 10% of people carry a gene that. Get the latest brews and caffeine news. Caffeinated chewing gum is absorbed quicker through the. Summary. Ingredients: Purified Sparkling water, alcohol, sucrose, natural flavours, citric acid, natural grapefruit juice concentrateFive caffeine-related deaths (5%) among athletes have been described in the literature; these subjects were two amateur body builders, a basketball player and a wrestler [ 33, 35, 38 ]. Backed by man-mountain and three-time CrossFit Games champion Mat Fraser, Cellucor's C4 pre-workout is America's #1 pre-workout. But the caffeine content can vary considerably depending on several factors, including coffee type, brewing. 127 mg (8. White Claw sent the internet into a frenzy on Tuesday after the cult-favorite hard-seltzer brand announced a new product called Surge — a seltzer with a higher. It is odorless and has a bitter taste. This reduction in brain plasticity suggests that daily caffeine intake could influence cognitive functions and the success of rTMS treatments. Tea (Camellia sinensis) This hardy evergreen bush is responsible for giving the world white, black, green, and oolong teas. The seltzer has 5% ABV (alcohol by volume) in the USA and Canada, and 4. Black contains the highest amount of caffeine, ranging between 64 and 112 milligrams (mg) per 8-fluid ounce (fl oz) serving. Jump to Review. Green tea (8 ounces): 30 to 50 mg. Nutrition & Ingredients. 159. insomnia. Except for Surge (68mg), Moutain Dew contains the most caffeine in a soda with sugar. The following are a few healthy alternatives to caffeine that can help improve your energy after TBI: 1. However, there are a few exceptions as listed below. In fact, one study found that men who consumed between 85-170 milligrams of caffeine per day were 42% less likely to experience erectile dysfunction, which is the inability to get or maintain an erection that is firm enough for sexual activity. VCA Animal Hospitals can provide you with expert advice to ensure the health and happiness of your pet. Just keep in mind that coffee fruit contains caffeine. Left click once on the file to select it, then choose 'Extract' from the Explorer options at the top of the window. Black tea. Generally, a cup (250 mL) of white tea contains 6–55 mg of caffeine. Video of the Day. 05 /. Caffeine--the drug that gives coffee and cola its kick--has a number of physiological effects. The study, which was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, found that on average caffeine reduced sleep quantity by 10 minutes per cup consumed the. In the U. Where to buy. /Vol I 2G SUGAR I GLUTEN FREE. People can usually take up to 400 mg per day without adverse side effects. oz. swelling of the lips and tongue. Caffeine overdose may occur if you ingest more than this amount. For most young, healthy adults, caffeine doesn't appear to noticeably affect blood sugar (glucose) levels, and having up to 400 milligrams a day appears to be safe. The headache is usually positional (worse when. Some research suggests that caffeine and. Higher levels of alertness; Improved mood; Faster reaction times; Fun fact: It’s even been suggested that caffeine helps consolidate memory, which. 10 ounces — — — — 3. Total sugars: 0 grams. Double-click the newly. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends a. This is equivalent to 4–5 cups of coffee. coffee (16 oz): 206 mg. Starbucks unveiled the iconic Frappuccino in 1995, beginning with the Coffee and Mocha varieties. In pure form, caffeine is a bitter, white, crystalline powder. Caffeine (Also known as: 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine, Thein) appears as odorless white powder or white glistening needles, usually melted together. There are about 23 milligrams of caffeine in a 1-ounce square of unsweetened baking chocolate. The way to eliminate caffeine is to wait it out. The caffeine content of commonly used sources of caffeine is shown in Table 1. The recommended amount of caffeine is usually 400 mg per day for healthy adults. Addition of caffeine in concentrations of 0. Decaf coffee is not completely caffeine free. grams. In the United States and Canada, Zevia is a popular range of zero-calorie, sucralose carbonated drinks. 8. Caffeine is an antioxidant, which is known to protect skin from damage caused by free radicals — molecules that break down your collagen and cause fine lines. Combining coffee and cannabis can also lead to impaired. White Claw, an absurdly popular brand of low-calorie spiked seltzer, has been deemed the drink of the summer, bolstered by viral support from self-proclaimed "bros. Low metabolizers, on the other hand, break down coffee at a much slower pace, so its effects stick around much longer. 6,7. Some on Twitter have compared the new beverage to Four Loko, the infamous hangover-in-a-can with up to 14% alcohol — its recipe also used to contain caffeine until the FDA deemed it a "public. VASOBLITZ is a caffeine-free patented nitric oxide supplement that acts as a vasodilator that opens up blood vessels for improved blood flow and big pumps, with proven ingredients that help to increase overall work volume and endurance. The new line of White Claw, called White Claw Surge, ups the alcohol to 8%. You're Sensitive to Caffeine. It could worsen symptoms of anxiety and depression. Serving size: 1 can (12 oz) 1 can (19. gastrointestinal aches. Instagram. These symptoms may begin. 1 day ago · A recent study has raised questions about the impact of chronic caffeine consumption on our brain’s ability to adapt and learn. Best Overall: BeautyStat Dark Circle Reducing Vitamin C Eye Cream. It can also cause irritability, tremor, and increased blood pressure. This can lead to tiredness. Although the exact amount varies based on the specific product, dosage, and form, most products contain around 5–20 mg of caffeine per. . However, increased coffee consumption was. For most young, healthy adults, caffeine doesn't appear to noticeably affect blood sugar (glucose) levels, and having up to 400 milligrams a day appears to be safe. For example, the FDA reports that a 12-ounce can of soda has 30 to 40 milligrams of caffeine, while an 8-ounce cup of coffee provides 80 to 100 milligrams. Yes, White Claw is low cal and low carb, but you could experience some negative side effects if you drink White Claw every night — most notably, gas. In this group, one cup of coffee may feel like four cups, and can cause issues falling asleep at night. This report attempts to understand where the delineations exist in caffeine intake and corresponding cardiovascular effects among various subpopulations. If someone is experiencing these symptoms, contact emergency services immediately. Red Bull and Monster are very. 6–8 In 2017, 10. The Weaning Method (Recommended) With this method, instead of quitting caffeine all at once, a person gradually reduces the amount of caffeine that is consumed each day. Coffee and caffeine-containing products affect the cardiovascular system, with their positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and the central nervous system, with their locomotor activity. 3 /17. kg −1, 60 min before exercise (Goldstein et al. BLACKBERRY FLAVOR – 8% Alcohol By Volume. 2005;67(5):734-9. Accessibility; Blogging; Communication; Developer toolsThere are two amide groups in the ring. Most root beer is caffeine-free. Read the full fact sheet. With an 80-milligram caffeine content, in an 8. Caffeine crosses both. Other health benefits of coffee. The final product and caffeine’s effect on the body are surprisingly similar. The business at 155 Lincoln Way W, Suite A-096, opened on March 17. Yes, all versions sold by the beloved Arizona iced tea brand contain caffeine. Dunkin' Donuts coffee (16 oz): 143 to 206 mg. I just bought White Claw Surge and it’s 12oz, 8% ABV and 160 calories per can. Over the past decade, the introduction of new. For a typical serving, the caffeine content is highest in coffee, energy drinks, and caffeine tablets; intermediate. The average cup of coffee contains 150-200 milligrams (mg) of caffeine per cup, while a cup of tea will have about 60 mg of caffeine. If you want to cut back, do it slowly. This brings on the headache. Let caffeinated tea bags steep in boiling water for 30 seconds. Like drinking a cup of coffee. Caffeine is a naturally occurring central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most widely taken psychoactive stimulant globally. According to a survey cited by Statista, 29% of US coffee drinkers consume two cups of coffee daily, 13% drink three cups, 14% drink four to five cups, and 9% drink more than six. Sugar. No, I hadn’t consumed a 5. Learn more about symptoms of. One death has occurred as low as 15 mg/L. Advertisement. It is a lot more concentrated than caffeine, which means that people need to be. Butalbital belongs to the group of medicines called barbiturates. These symptoms differ from those of a caffeine allergy. 4–0. A recent study has raised questions about the impact of chronic caffeine consumption on our brain’s ability to adapt and learn. Zero Sugar Monster Energy. Caffeine may have a positive impact on muscle strength, jump height, and endurance during training. The study, which was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, found that on average caffeine reduced sleep quantity by 10 minutes per cup consumed the previous day. 005% were found to counteract the suppressive effects of testosterone on hair growth, with a higher hair shaft elongation seen at 120 h after caffeine administration, compared to control group. I quit for 5 weeks last year and once I started again my anxiety got worse and worse. However, increased coffee consumption was. If you drink White Claw every night, you could get gas. The amount of caffeine in a cup of coffee can vary based on the type, serving size, and bean variety. While these studies are interesting, rats aren't people. oz. Best Budget: The Inkey List Caffeine Eye Cream. If you’re tired or drowsy, they can help you feel more awake. Arizona teas made with black tea have 15 mg of caffeine per each 8-oz serving. The 8% ABV cans—named White Claw Hard Seltzer Surge—will come in both Cranberry and Blood Orange and will. The first pack offers the flavors Black Cherry, Ruby Grapefruit, Natural Lime, and Raspberry. Black tea does not contain calories, fats, protein, fiber. The new White Claw Surge is sold in 16-ounce cans with 8% alcohol by volume (ABV). Arabica beans contain 12 milligrams of caffeine per gram. Individuals who habitually drink caffeine-contained beverages may develop a physical, emotional, and psychological dependence on it and may experience a. Those younger than 12 should completely avoid caffeine. It’s because coffee is a diuretic. This white chocolate crème frappuccino gives you the best of both worlds. Restlessness. Remove the caffeine: You can also easily reduce the caffeine content of black tea. That means you don't need to wait 30-60 minutes for peak effect like you do when you chug a Red Bull. At 8% alcohol, White Claw® Hard Seltzer Surge is a stronger wave of refreshment. 80 mg. Experience the crisp blackberry flavor with the perfect balance between sweetness and tartness. In the first known study analyzing the effects of “the. If you know your dog drank coffee or ate coffee grounds or beans, you need to monitor them for. Regularly achieving adequate sleep can help decrease your reliance on caffeine for energy and prevent the crashes that may result from inadequate sleep. Caffeine primarily works through circulation, so it’s fast acting, protective against oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory for the skin, says Ife Rodney, MD, a board-certified dermatologist. In a new study published in. Energy drinks (8 ounces): 40 to 250 mg. Symptoms of a caffeine allergy include: itchy skin. Caffeine-Free Diet Mountain Dew is a popular carbonated soda that is produced by PepsiCo. 5 mg of caffeine per serving for green tea and Arizona teas that use white tea have just 6 mg of caffeine per serving. oz. That’s a definite increase compared to the original White Claw, which comes in 12-ounce cans and contains 5% ABV. weight loss pills containing caffeine; pain relievers containing caffeine; Caffeine isn’t only found in coffee. A standard beer is 4% ABV and 12oz. Although caffeine may be most commonly used for its effect on alertness, it does have other effects on the body. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. The Strongest Coffees at Starbucks. The importance of these cells lies in the possibility that SARS-CoV-2. Alcohol, on the other hand, is a depressant that can make you feel sleepy or less alert than usual. Healthier (and whiter!) teeth. Research has linked moderate coffee consumption — about 3 cups (about 710 mL) per day or less — to protection against Alzheimer’s disease, as well as associated it with reduced inflammation. Overthinking etc. SURGE HARD SELTZER A STRONGER WAVE OF REFRESHMENT. “ Caffeine is the most widely used and well-known over-the-counter stimulant,“ explains Dr. White Claw is gifting fans two new innovations just in time for summer 2021. According to the official Dr Pepper website, a 12-ounce can of Dr Pepper Zero Sugar contains 67 milligrams of caffeine. Caffeine also can hide under some names that are less recognizable. Generally, caffeine pills contain 100–200 mg of caffeine per serving. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to coffee include: skin rashes, such as hives or blotches of red skin. And many studies have "cleared" coffee as a cause of serious disease,. High doses of caffeine can increase the level of Wellbutrin in the body, raising the risk of toxicity and seizures, according to Dr. 6. Increased heart rate. The standard cup of coffee typically has about 109 milligrams of caffeine, but plenty of brands contain more. star. Changes in mood including agitation or depression. 10. We certify that this program is clean of viruses, malware and trojans. This hydrating water from Hero Water comes with electrolytes and 60. Theobromine and your energy levels. Cacao pods, which are used to make chocolate products. According to the Washington Post (2015), two billion cups of coffee are consumed per day worldwide . If White Claw has . Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulating substance in the world. No. regular daily activity and exercise. 2022 study. headaches. Download. The Caffeine browser extension might be more useful if you're using a system where you cannot download and launch executables. Although the ingredients can vary based on the specific brand and product, most types. Cranberry Bubbly Sparkling Water (12 ounces): 0 calories. Runner-Up, Best Budget: Good Molecules Yerba Mate Wake Up Eye Gel at Ulta. What are the ingredients and nutrition information of White Claw® Hard Seltzer Surge?. [13] [14] Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine to the adenosine A 1 receptor, which enhances. Yes, so so much. A 12-ounce cup of black coffee contains 260 mg of. Caffeine is completely absorbed by the intestinal tract (ie, its bioavailability is 100%) [] and it is highly soluble in water as well as a range of non-polar organic solvents []. Red bull. A cup of pure green tea usually contains around 25 milligrams of caffeine per 8-ounce serving. It’s one of the most accessible ways to get a. These preliminary findings underscore the need for. Delivery or Pickup Find In Store Bar or Restaurant. Caffeine pill: 100 to 200 mg. White Claw are dedicated to making the best-tasting alcoholic drinks in the world. 17, and 20. 22, 20. Photo: Getty Images/Hero Images. Because you feel more tired, you drink more coffee, but that coffee disrupts your sleep, leading to more tiredness in the long run. What are the ingredients and nutrition information of White Claw® Hard Seltzer Surge?. $788 ($7. It acts on the central nervous system. , using confocal imaging, found that ACE2 is expressed in human airway smooth muscle (ASM), although an entry of SARS-CoV-2 has not been demonstrated []. 2 oz) Available sizes. Venti: 16 mg.